Specific Learning Disabilities in Africa: A Narrative Review of Underdiagnosis, Diagnostic Barriers, and Gaps in Care

January 2026 Oyetola, E. O., Jagunmolu, H. A., Oguntola, B. M., Toheeb, A. S., et al. SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine, 8, 276

This narrative review examines the landscape of specific learning disabilities (SLDs) across Africa, where these conditions remain substantially under-recognised and underdiagnosed.

The authors outline systemic barriers — limited specialised diagnostic tools, gaps in professional and teacher training, and thin care infrastructure — that leave many learners without timely identification or support. The paper situates these gaps in a broader clinical and public-health context and points to where research, screening, and service delivery need to catch up.

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